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StarLink corn recall
The StarLink corn recalls occurred in the autumn of 2000, when over 300 food products were found to contain a genetically modified corn that had not been approved for human consumption.〔Andrew Pollack for the New York Times. September 23, 2000 (Kraft Recalls Taco Shells With Bioengineered Corn )〕 It was the first-ever recall of a genetically modified food. The anti-GMO activist coalition Genetically Engineered Food Alert, which detected and first reported the contamination, was critical of the FDA for not doing its job. The recall of Taco Bell-branded taco shells, manufactured by Kraft Foods and sold in supermarkets, was the most publicized of the recalls. One settlement resulted in $60 million going to Taco Bell franchisees for lost sales due to the damage to the Taco Bell brand.
==StarLink corn==
StarLink is a genetically modified maize, containing two modifications: a gene for resistance to glufosinate, and a variant of the bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) protein called Cry9C.〔 Cry9C had not been used in a GM crop prior to StarLink, causing heightened regulatory scrutiny.〔Department of Soil and Crop Sciences at Colorado State University, Page last updated March 11, 2004 (StarLink Corn )〕 StarLink's creator, Plant Genetic Systems, which later became Aventis CropScience during the time of the incident,〔 had applied to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to market StarLink for use in animal feed and in the human food supply.〔Michael R. Taylor and Jody S. Tick of Resources for the Future, Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology. ( The StarLink Case: Issues for the Future )〕 However, because the Cry9C protein lingers in the digestive system before breaking down, the EPA had concerns about its allergenicity, and PGS did not provide sufficient data to prove that Cry9C was not allergenic.〔"While EPA had no specific data to indicate that Cry9C was an allergen, the protein expressed in StarLink corn did exhibit certain characteristics (i.e. relative heat stability and extended time to digestion) that were common to known food allergens such as those found in peanuts, eggs, etc. EPA’s concern was that StarLink corn may be a human food allergen and in the absence of more definitive data, EPA has not made a decision whether or not to register the human food use." Staff, EPA. November 2000 (Executive Summary: EPA Preliminary Evaluation of Information Contained in the October 25, 2000 Submission from Aventis Cropscience )〕 As a result, PGS split its application into separate permits for use in food and use in animal feed only.〔〔(Plant Genetic Systems (America) Inc.: PP 7G4921 ) Federal Register Vol. 62, No. 228, November 26, 1997 pp 63169 bottom of middle column - 63170 right column; see especially p63169 top of right column〕 StarLink was approved by the EPA for use in animal feed only in May 1998. After the incident the company at first tried to get the application for human consumption approved, and then withdrew the product entirely from the market.〔
The Garst Seed Company (part of the Advanta group) was licensed by Aventis to produce and sell StarLink seed in the US.〔Marion Nestle. (Safe Food: The Politics of Food Safety ) University of California Press, 2010〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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